法学方法新论

法学方法除了已有的价值评判、实证分析和社会实践以及法律解释、法律推理和逻辑分析等方法之外,还有其他法学方法,如从"事"(事物、事情)到"理"(道理),再从"理"到"法"(法律、法学),最后又从"法"到"事"。较之已有的法学方法,这些方法不仅是创新和发展,而且更为基础和根本。     

论行政诉讼中“主要证据不足”的认定

行政诉讼中“主要证据不足”的认定对实践审判活动极为重要。认定“主要证据不足”是通往行政法治的一条阶梯。从“主要证据”的预设出发,然后层层推进,深入分析“主要证据不足”及其相关问题不失为一条好途径。对比分析最高法院发布的指导案例,厘清其中行政法治的考量和价值追求,才能更好地领悟行政诉讼的目的,并借此指导实践审判活动。     

危害食品安全犯罪刑法规制的困境及出路

当前,危害食品安全犯罪仍然处于十分严峻的态势。究其原因,既有刑事立法本身的欠缺,也有刑法适用中的问题。要遏制危害食品安全犯罪的高发态势,一方面需要完善刑事立法,与《食品安全法》相衔接增设资格刑,优化食品安全犯罪的没收财产刑,增设持有型犯罪;另一方面需要强化刑罚打击力度,加强对危害食品安全犯罪的刑事处罚。     

刑事制定法与习惯法冲突之解决--论法教义学视野下习惯法的运行逻辑

法教义学的路径可以缓解当前司法人员面对刑事制定法与习惯法冲突时所面临的尴尬。法教义学视野下习惯法的运行逻辑主要通过对犯罪成立要件的判断来实现。习惯法于规范构成要件要素和开放的构成要件的认定中具有较大运行空间,但为保证构成要件的定型性,在构成要件解释时,其他要素或要件的解释应尽可能排除习惯法的影响。在违法性判断阶段,习惯法的判断主要是借助社会相当性理论来实现。由于违法的判断是实质的、具体的,故习惯法在此的判断应当结合具体个案分析。在有责性判断中,违法性认识尽管于理论上是习惯法出罪的一条路径,但实际功用很小,更合适的路径应是期待可能性的判断。然目前对期待可能性之理解过于偏狭,应依规范责任论对这一理论进行适当重构。     

The moral hazard of conditionality: Restoring the integrity of social security law

This article examines the extent to which the Australian and UK social security systems meet their legal obligations to provide basic relief to citizens in need. Conditionality and “mutual obligation” are at the core of both the UK and Australian social security systems and are based on the concept of moral hazard, the goal being to ensure that claimants do not consider living on benefits to be preferable to engaging in paid work. Yet, we argue that the element of “mutuality” is missing in both systems; welfare claimants are subject to myriad conditions and obligations, whilst the state operates free of any legal responsibility to provide even basic relief to those in need, to prevent or alleviate extreme poverty and destitution. We outline the extent to which Australian and UK social security laws require governments to relieve destitution, examining both domestic and human rights law. We conclude that legal protections are weak and that both systems fail to meet the basic conditions of humanity toward their citizens. On this basis, we argue that such failings demonstrate a lack of integrity which undermines the standing of both the UK and Australia to invoke a claim of moral hazard to defend claimant conditionality.     

On the Status and Function of Judicial Justice in Social Governance Innovation

Social governance innovation is a basic requirement of China's socialist construction, and an important guarantee that people can live and work in peace and enjoy long-term stability and order. Strengthening and innovating social governance has great significance for the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, and this is where judicial justice plays a unique role at the level of government, society, and the individual. That is, judicial justice is the key to transforming governmental functions; the guarantee of a new-type social construction; and the guide to upgrading autonomy at the grass-roots level. To achieve judicial justice, we must popularize the idea of the rule of law, improve judicial work style and innovate judicial institutions.     

两岸航空区际法律适用制度比较论纲

航空直航是两岸经济文化交流的重要路径。两岸航空法律冲突的存在导致航空直航中当事人利益保护的不确定性。当事人在发生纠纷时无法确定准据法, 难以确定其权利义务分配的法律效力。两岸航空法律适用制度的冲突加剧了实体法冲突的消极影响。两岸航空直航运输合同法律适用制度、航空器权利法律适用制度、旅客权利能力与行为能力法律适用制度及侵权法律适用制度均存在一定程度的差异, 其准据法的连接点、法律选择方法与价值考量迥异。两岸航空私法冲突属于区际法律冲突, 与国际私法冲突存在一定差别。应当制定区际私法, 以解决两岸航空法律冲突问题。     

论《侵权责任法》规定的医疗产品损害责任

《侵权责任法》规定的医疗产品损害责任，从性质上来说，既是医疗损害责任的一个特殊类型，也属于产品责任的范畴，适用无过错责任原则。其中第59条规制的适用范围包括有缺陷的药品、消毒药剂和医疗器械以及不合格的血液，但此适用范围应予以界定。在此界定内，导致患者损害的医疗机构、生产者所承担的赔偿责任才是《侵权责任法》第59条规定的医疗产品损害责任。     

论宪法权威的自我保障制度

作为国家根本大法的宪法必须具有最高效力和最高权威,任何与宪法相冲突的立法和公权行为都必然因违宪而无效。维护宪法权威绝不能借助于个人权威,而必须依靠健全的宪法保障制度建设才能达成,此一方面的任何"天衣之缝"都可能导致宪法权威的崩解。对于致力于依宪治国的中国立宪实践而言,建立健全宪法自我保障制度乃是维系宪法权威的唯一路径选择。     

No Mind Reading Necessary: Conducting Evidence-Based Electronic Resource Marketing and Outreach Using Marketing Research Assessment

Abstract

In her presentation entitled “No Mind Reading Necessary: Conducting Evidence-Based Electronic Resource Marketing and Outreach” at the North Carolina Serials Conference April 2019, Kate Hill discussed marketing research strategies and outreach tools used to increase online users’ access to electronic resources and primary resources. In an effort to connect users to seldom-used resources, Jackson Library collaborated with university partners to develop surveys to identify the information-seeking behavior of its users and apply the gathered marketing research to strategically plan outreach activities.